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1.
Clinics ; 74: e1143, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019698

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate adherence to the therapeutic prophylaxis protocol for venous thromboembolism (VTE) as well as the costs of this practice. METHODS: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted at a State General Hospital in Brazil through reports of drug dispensions, prescriptions and risk stratification of patients. Adherence to the VTE prophylaxis protocol was monitored. The tests for VTE diagnosis measured the adherence to therapeutic prophylaxis treatment, and the purchase prices of the drugs went into the calculation of drug therapy costs. The level of adherence to prescriptions for VTE prophylaxis in the hospital was classified as "adherence", "non-adherence" and "justified non-adherence" when compared with the protocol. RESULTS: Protocol adherence was observed for 50 (30.9%) patients, and non-adherence was observed for 63 (38.9%) patients, generating an additional cost of $180.40/month. Justified non-adherence in 49 (30.2%) patients generated $514.71/month in savings due to a reduction in the number of daily administrations of unfractionated heparin while still providing an effective method for preventing VTE. Twenty-six patients stratified as having medium to high risk of VTE who did not receive prophylaxis were identified, generating $154.41 in savings. However, these data should be evaluated with caution since the risks and outcomes associated with not preventing VTE outweigh the economy achieved from not prescribing a drug when a patient needs it. The only case of VTE identified during the study period was related to justified non-adherence to the protocol. CONCLUSION: The protocol is based on scientific evidence that describes an effective therapy to prevent VTE. However, the protocol should be updated because the justifications for non-adherence are based on scientific evidence, and this justified non-adherence generates savings and yields effective disease prevention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Heparin/economics , Venous Thromboembolism/economics , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/economics , Anticoagulants/economics , Brazil , Heparin/administration & dosage , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage
2.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 65(3)19/09/2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048431

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A trombose venosa profunda é uma complicação comum e intimamente relacionada às neoplasias. Novos anticoagulantes orais foram lançados nos últimos anos, entre eles, a rivaroxabana. Objetivo: O estudo analisou o custo-efetividade e o impacto orçamentário da rivaroxabana versus enoxaparina. Método: Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva, realizada com população oncológica sob a perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde. Por meio do modelo de árvore de decisão, foram comparados desfechos de sangramento e retrombose, e custos do tratamento da trombose venosa profunda com rivaroxabana ou enoxaparina, em um horizonte temporal de sete meses. Custos diretos foram extraídos do Sistema de Gerenciamento da Sistema de Gerenciamento da Tabela de Procedimentos, Medicamentos, Órteses, Próteses e Materiais e Medicamentos Especiais do SUS (SIGTAP-SUS), e empregou-se a Planilha Brasileira de Impacto Orçamentário de tecnologias da saúde para avaliação do impacto orçamentário com base na população brasileira de 2017, em cinco anos. A análise de sensibilidade simulou cenários tanto na avaliação de custo-efetividade quanto na de impacto orçamentário. Resultados: Cento e cinquenta e três pacientes foram incluídos na análise de custo-efetividade com diversas neoplasias. A rivaroxabana demonstrou não inferioridade terapêutica comparada à enoxaparina. A razão de custo-efetividade incremental foi de R$ 5.521,71 por unidade de benefício ganho com a nova alternativa, rivaroxabana. Na análise de sensibilidade, a rivaroxabana manteve-se dominante. Foi demonstrada uma economia no impacto orçamentário incremental de R$ 85.950.791.129,21 com a utilização de rivaroxabana ao longo de cinco anos em comparação ao cenário de referência, e esta se manteve como opção mais econômica perante as análises de sensibilidade. Conclusão: A rivaroxabana, nesse contexto, apresentou-se como uma importante alternativa terapêutica.


Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis is a common complication and closely related to neoplasms. New oral anticoagulants have been launched in recent years, among them rivaroxaban. Objective: The study analyzed the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin. Method: This is a retrospective cohort, performed with oncological population from the perspective of Sistema Único de Saúde (National Health System). The decision tree model compared outcomes of bleeding and rethrombosis, and costs of treatment of deep venous thrombosis with rivaroxaban or enoxaparin in a time horizon of seven months. Direct costs were extracted from the SIGTAP-SUS, and the Brazilian Spreadsheet for Budgetary Impact of Health Technologies was used to evaluate the budgetary impact based in the Brazilian population of 2017 over a five-year period. The sensitivity analysis simulated scenarios for both cost-effectiveness and budget impact assessments. Results: One hundred and fifty-three patients were included in the cost-effectiveness analysis with several neoplasms. Rivaroxaban demonstrated no therapeutic inferiority compared to enoxaparin. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was R$ 5,521.71 per benefit unit spared with the new alternative, rivaroxaban. In the sensitivity analysis, rivaroxaban remained dominant. An economy in incremental budget impact of R$ 85,950,791,129.21 was demonstrated with the use of rivaroxaban over five years in comparison to the reference scenario, and this continued as the most economic option in relation to sensitivity analyzes. Conclusion: In this context rivaroxaban was an important therapeutic alternative.


Introducción: La trombosis venosa profunda es una complicación común e íntimamente relacionada a las neoplasias. Los nuevos anticoagulantes orales. Objetivo: El estudio analizó el Costo-Efectividad y el Impacto Presupuestario de la rivaroxabana versus enoxaparina. Método: En el modelo de árbol de decisión se compararon los resultados de la hemorragia y la retrombosis, y los costos del tratamiento de la trombosis venosa profunda con rivaroxabana o enoxaparina, con una cohorte retrospectiva, realizada con población oncológica bajo la perspectiva del Sistema Único de Salud en un horizonte temporal de siete meses. Los costos directos fueron extraídos del SIGTAP-SUS, y se empleó la Planilla Brasileña de Impacto Presupuestario de Tecnologías de la Salud para evaluación del Impacto Presupuestario con base en la población brasileña de 2017 en un horizonte temporal de cinco años. El análisis de sensibilidad simuló escenarios tanto en la evaluación de Costo-Efectividad y en la de Impacto Presupuestario. Resultados: Ciento cincuenta y tres pacientes fueron incluidos en el análisis de Costo-Efectividad con diversas neoplasias. La rivaroxabana demostró no inferioridad terapéutica comparada a la enoxaparina. La razón de costo-efectividad incremental fue de R $ 5.521,71 por unidad de beneficio ganada con la nueva alternativa, rivaroxabana. En el análisis de sensibilidad, la rivaroxabana se mantuvo dominante. Se demostró una economía em el Impacto Presupuestario incremental de R$ 85.950.791.129,21 con la utilización de rivaroxabana a lo largo de 5 años en comparación al escenario de referencia, y ésta se mantuvo como opción más económica ante los análisis de sensibilidad. Conclusión: La rivaroxabana, en este contexto, se presentó como una importante alternativa terapéutica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Enoxaparin/economics , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy , Rivaroxaban/economics , Neoplasms/complications , Unified Health System , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Economics, Pharmaceutical , Anticoagulants/economics
3.
São Paulo med. j ; 134(4): 322-329, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-792817

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Randomized clinical trials have shown that the new oral anticoagulants have at least similar impact regarding reduction of thromboembolic events, compared with warfarin, with similar or improved safety profiles. There is little data on real costs within clinical practice. Our aim here was to perform economic analysis on these strategies from the perspective of Brazilian society and the public healthcare system. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cost-minimization analysis; anticoagulation clinic of Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. METHODS: Patients at the anticoagulation clinic were recruited between August and October 2011, with minimum follow-up of four weeks. Operational and non-operational costs were calculated and corrected to 2015. RESULTS: This study included 633 patients (59% women) of median age 62 years (interquartile range ­49-73). The mean length of follow-up was 64 ± 28 days. The average cost per patient per month was $ 54.26 (US dollars). Direct costs accounted for 32.5% of the total cost. Of these, 69.5% were related to healthcare professionals. With regards to indirect costs, 52.4% were related to absence from work and 47.6% to transportation. Apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban were being sold to Brazilian public institutions, on average, for $ 49.87, $ 51.40 and $ 52.16 per patient per month, respectively, which was lower than the costs relating to warfarin treatment. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian context, from the perspective of society and the public healthcare system, the cumulative costs per patient using warfarin with follow-up in anticoagulation clinics is currently higher than the strategy of prescribing the new oral anticoagulants.


RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Estudos clínicos randomizados demonstraram que novos anticoagulantes orais têm pelo menos impacto semelhante em reduzir eventos tromboembólicos quando comparados à varfarina, com perfil de segurança similar ou superior. Há pouca evidência acerca de custos reais na prática clínica. Nosso objetivo é realizar análise econômica dessas estratégias, na perspectiva do sistema de saúde pública e da sociedade brasileiros. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Análise de custo-minimização; Clínica de Anticoagulação do Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes da clínica de anticoagulação foram recrutados de agosto a outubro de 2011, com tempo mínimo de acompanhamento de quatro semanas. Custos operacionais e não operacionais foram computados e corrigidos para 2015. RESULTADOS: Este estudo incluiu 633 pacientes, com idade mediana de 62 (intervalo interquartil 49-73) anos, sendo 59% mulheres. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 64 ± 28 dias. O custo médio por paciente por mês foi de $ 54.26 (dólares). Custos diretos foram responsáveis por 32,5% do custo total. Destes, 69,5% foram relacionados aos profissionais de saúde. Em relação aos custos indiretos, 52,4% estavam relacionados ao absenteísmo ao trabalho e 47,6% ao transporte. Apixaban, dabigatran e rivaroxaban são vendidos a órgãos públicos brasileiros, respectivamente, a um preço médio mensal de $ 49.87, $ 51.40 e $ 52.26 por paciente por mês, valores inferiores aos custos relacionados ao tratamento com varfarina. CONCLUSÃO: No contexto brasileiro, na perspectiva do sistema de saúde pública e da sociedade, os custos cumulativos por paciente em uso de varfarina acompanhados em clínica de anticoagulação são atualmente superiores à estratégia de prescrever novos anticoagulantes orais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data , Anticoagulants/economics , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/economics , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Pyridones/economics , Pyridones/therapeutic use , Reference Values , Atrial Fibrillation/economics , Atrial Fibrillation/prevention & control , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Brazil , Administration, Oral , Reproducibility of Results , Age Factors , Treatment Outcome , Costs and Cost Analysis , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Dabigatran/economics , Dabigatran/therapeutic use
4.
Clinics ; 71(1): 36-46, Jan. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-771951

ABSTRACT

There are various region-specific challenges to the diagnosis and effective treatment of venous thromboembolism in Latin America. Clear guidance for physicians and patient education could improve adherence to existing guidelines. This review examines available information on the burden of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in Latin America and the regional issues surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Potential barriers to appropriate care, as well as treatment options and limitations on their use, are discussed. Finally, an algorithmic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in ambulatory patients is proposed and care pathways for patients with pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis are outlined for primary care providers in Latin America.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Primary Health Care , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Venous Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapy , Algorithms , Anticoagulants/economics , Clinical Trials as Topic , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Latin America/epidemiology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Pulmonary Embolism/epidemiology , Time Factors , Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 99(1): 613-622, jul. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-647742

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: O uso combinado de agentes antitrombínicos, antiplaquetários e estratégias invasivas na síndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesnivelamento do ST (SCAsSST) reduz eventos cardiovasculares. O fondaparinux demonstrou equivalência à enoxaparina na redução de eventos cardiovasculares, porém com menor índice de sangramento nos pacientes que usaram fondaparinux. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o custo-efetividade de fondaparinux versus enoxaparina em pacientes com SCAsSST no Brasil a partir da perspectiva econômica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). MÉTODOS: Um modelo de decisão analítico foi construído para calcular os custos e consequências resultantes dos tratamentos comparados. Os parâmetros do modelo foram obtidos do estudo OASIS-5 (N = 20.078 pacientes com SCAsSST randomizados para fondaparinux ou enoxaparina). O desfecho avaliado foi um composto de eventos cardiovasculares (isto é, morte, infarto agudo do miocárdio, isquemia refratária e sangramentos graves) nos dias 9, 30 e 180 pós-SCAsSST. Foram avaliados todos os custos diretos de tratamento e eventos relacionados à SCAsSST. O ano da análise foi 2010 e os custos foram descritos em reais (R$). RESULTADOS: No dia 9, o custo de tratamento por paciente foi R$ 2.768 para fondaparinux e R$ 2.852 para enoxaparina. Aproximadamente 80% do custo total foram associados a tratamentos invasivos. Os custos com medicamentos representaram 10% do custo total. As taxas combinadas de eventos cardiovasculares e de sangramentos maiores foram 7,3% e 9,0% para fondaparinux e enoxaparina, respectivamente. Análises de sensibilidade confirmaram os resultados iniciais do modelo. CONCLUSÃO: O fondaparinux para tratamento de pacientes com SCAsSST é superior à enoxaparina em termos de prevenção de novos eventos cardiovasculares com menor custo. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).


BACKGROUND: The combined use of antithrombotic agents, antiplatelet agents and invasive strategies in acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation (ACSWSTE) reduces cardiovascular events. Fondaparinux has demonstrated equivalence to enoxaparin in reducing cardiovascular events, but with a lower rate of bleeding in patients using fondaparinux. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of fondaparinux versus enoxaparin in patients with ACSWSTE in Brazil from the economic perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS: A decision analytic model was constructed to calculate the costs and consequences of the compared treatments. The model parameters were obtained from the OASIS-5 study (N = 20,078 patients with ACSWSTE randomized to fondaparinux or enoxaparin). The target outcome consisted of cardiovascular events (i.e., death, myocardial infarction, refractory ischemia and major bleeding) on days 9, 30 and 180 after ACSWSTE. We evaluated all direct costs of treatment and ACSWSTE-related events. The year of the analysis was 2010 and the costs were described in reais (R$). RESULTS: On day 9, the cost of treatment per patient was R$ 2,768 for fondaparinux and R$ 2,852 for enoxaparin. Approximately 80% of total costs were associated with invasive treatments. The drug costs accounted for 10% of the total cost. The combined rates of cardiovascular events and major bleeding were 7.3% and 9.0% for fondaparinux and enoxaparin, respectively. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the initial results of the model. CONCLUSION: The use of fondaparinux for the treatment of patients with ACSWSTE is superior to that of enoxaparin in terms of prevention of further cardiovascular events at lower cost. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Coronary Syndrome/drug therapy , Anticoagulants/economics , National Health Programs/economics , Polysaccharides/economics , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Brazil , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Enoxaparin/economics , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Health Care Costs , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
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